A vein of Galen malformation (VOGM) is a rare type of arteriovenous malformation (AVM) that affects the blood vessels in the brain in neonates and infants. It is a congenital condition, meaning that it is present at birth, and it is caused by an abnormal connection between the arteries and veins in the brain.
Normally, blood flows from the arteries to the capillaries, and then to the veins in the brain. However, in VOGM, the connection between the arteries and veins is not properly formed, causing the blood to flow directly from the arteries to the veins, bypassing the capillaries. This can result in a large amount of blood flowing through the veins, causing them to enlarge and potentially leading to symptoms such as heart failure, hydrocephalus, and developmental delay.
The diagnosis of VOGM typically involves imaging studies such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or computed tomography (CT) scans. Then, for planning treatment Digital Subtraction Angiography is done. Treatment of VOGM is done by endovascular embolization (blocking the blood vessels using a glue-like substance) of abnormal connection, preserving normal arteries. The specific treatment approach depends on the location and severity of the malformation and the patient’s overall health.
Overall, VOGM is a serious condition that requires prompt diagnosis and treatment. With appropriate treatment, however, many children with VOGM are able to live healthy and normal lives.