Vascular malformation embolization and sclerotherapy are two minimally invasive procedures used to treat abnormal blood vessels that are present at birth (congenital) or develop later in life (acquired). These malformations can occur anywhere in the body and can cause a range of symptoms, from pain and swelling to bleeding and functional impairment.
Vascular malformations can be of two types – high flow and slow flow.
High flow malformations are usually arterio-venous malformation that may involve any area of head and neck, including brain. They are generally treated by embolisation.
Embolization involves inserting a catheter into the blood vessel feeding the malformation and blocking the blood flow using various materials, such as glue, coils, or particles. This procedure aims to block the nidus of the malformation and obliviate its effects.
Slow flow malformations cna be lymphatic or veno-lymphatic malformations. These are generally treated by the procedure of sclerotherapy.
Sclerotherapy involves injecting a medication into the abnormal tuft of blood vessels to irritate the lining of the vessel, causing it to close off and shrink.
Both embolization and sclerotherapy are typically performed under local anesthesia with sedation, and patients are usually able to go home the same day. There may be some mild discomfort or swelling after the procedure, but most patients are able to return to their normal activities within a few days.
While both procedures can be effective in treating vascular malformations, the choice of treatment depends on the location, size, and type of the malformation, as well as the patient’s overall health and preferences. Your healthcare provider will work with you to determine the best course of treatment for your specific case.