Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) and direct intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (DIPS) are minimally invasive procedures used to treat portal hypertension, a condition in which high blood pressure in the portal vein (the vein that carries blood from the intestines to the liver) can lead to complications such as varices, ascites, and hepatic encephalopathy.
Both TIPS and DIPS involve the creation of a shunt (a small artificial channel) between the portal vein and one of the hepatic veins (the veins that carry blood away from the liver), bypassing the liver and reducing the pressure in the portal vein.
TIPS is typically performed using a catheter that is inserted through a vein in the neck and guided into the liver. The shunt is created by inserting a small metal stent through the catheter, connecting the portal vein to the hepatic vein. DIPS is a similar procedure, but the shunt is created by puncturing the liver directly and inserting the stent.
Both TIPS and DIPS are effective treatment options for portal hypertension and its associated complications. However, they are not suitable for all patients and should be discussed with a healthcare provider to determine if they are appropriate for the individual case.
Possible side effects of TIPS and DIPS include bleeding, infection, and hepatic encephalopathy. Patients who undergo these procedures will require close monitoring and follow-up care to manage any potential complications.