Peripheral vascular malformations (PVMs) are abnormal growths of blood vessels that can occur anywhere in the body, but are most commonly found in the limbs. These malformation are of two types – high low malformation and slow flow malformation. Two common treatments for PVMs are embolization and sclerotherapy.
Embolization: For High – flow malformation (AVM’s & AVF)
The treatment of high flow malformation is usually done by embolisation. During this procedure, arterial access is obtained, either via a direct puncture of nidus or through intra-arterial route and feeding artery is blocked using permanent materials such as glue, coils or pva particles. The entire procedure is done via a small puncture hole and patient can be discharged the same day.
Sclerotherapy: For slow-flow malformation
- Sclerotherapy involves injecting a chemical solution directly into the slow flwo malformation to cause it to close off.
- The solution irritates the lining of the veins, causing it to swell and stick together.
- Over time, the malformation is absorbed by the body and blood flow is rerouted to healthy blood vessels.
- Sclerotherapy can be performed on smaller malformations and is often done in multiple sessions.
Benefits of embolization and sclerotherapy for PVMs:
- Both procedures are minimally invasive and can be performed on an outpatient basis.
- They can provide relief from the symptoms associated with PVMs, such as pain, swelling, or discomfort.
- They can prevent complications such as infections or further growth of the PVM.
Potential risks of embolization and sclerotherapy for PVMs:
- As with any medical procedure, there are potential risks and complications associated with embolization and sclerotherapy for PVMs.
- These may include bleeding, infection, nerve damage, and allergic reactions to the contrast material or sclerosant used during the procedure.
- There is also a risk of recurrence of the PVM in the future.
- If you are considering embolization or sclerotherapy for a PVM, it is important to discuss the potential risks and benefits with your doctor to determine if the procedure is right for you.