Peripheral angioplasty and stenting are minimally invasive procedures used to treat blockages or narrowings in the blood vessels that supply blood to the legs, arms, kidneys, or other organs. These procedures are often used to treat peripheral artery disease (PAD), a condition that occurs when fatty deposits build up in the arteries, causing reduced blood flow to the limbs or organs.
Here is a general overview of how peripheral angioplasty and stenting are performed:
- An intravenous (IV) line will be inserted into your arm so that you can receive fluids and medications during the procedure.
- A local anesthetic will be used to numb the area where the catheter will be inserted, typically in the groin or wrist.
- A small incision will be made in the skin, and a thin, flexible tube called a catheter will be inserted into the artery.
- A guide wire is then threaded through the catheter and into the blocked artery.
- A tiny balloon at the tip of the catheter is inflated to widen the blocked area and improve blood flow. This is known as angioplasty.
- In some cases, a stent may be placed in the blocked area to help keep the artery open. A stent is a small metal mesh tube that is placed in the artery to hold it open.
- Once the procedure is complete, the catheter is removed, and pressure is applied to the insertion site to stop any bleeding.
- You will be closely monitored after the procedure and may need to stay in the hospital overnight.
Benefits of peripheral angioplasty and stenting:
- These procedures are minimally invasive, which means they can be performed with smaller incisions and generally result in less pain and a shorter recovery time than open surgery.
- They can often improve blood flow to the affected limb or organ, which can reduce symptoms like pain and cramping and improve quality of life.
- They can be performed on an outpatient basis, meaning you can usually go home the same day as the procedure.
Potential risks of peripheral angioplasty and stenting:
- As with any medical procedure, there are potential risks and complications associated with peripheral angioplasty and stenting, including bleeding, infection, damage to blood vessels or organs, and blood clots.
- There is also a risk of re-narrowing or blockage of the treated artery over time, which may require additional treatment or surgery.