Intra-arterial chemotherapy (IAC) is a treatment option for children with retinoblastoma, a rare form of childhood eye cancer that can be life-threatening if not treated promptly. This technique involves the direct delivery of chemotherapy drugs into the artery that supplies blood to the affected eye, in order to target the cancer cells more effectively and with fewer side effects compared to traditional chemotherapy.
During the IAC procedure, a catheter is inserted into the femoral artery in the groin and navigated up to the ophthalmic artery, which supplies blood to the eye. Chemotherapy drugs, such as melphalan topotecan or carboplatin, are then infused directly into the artery, allowing for higher concentrations of the drug to be delivered to the tumor while minimizing exposure to the rest of the body.
IAC has been shown to be effective in treating retinoblastoma, especially when the cancer is resistant to other treatments or has recurred. In addition, IAC has been found to preserve vision in many children, compared to traditional chemotherapy which may require higher doses and may result in more significant side effects.
However, IAC is not without risks, and potential complications include infection, bleeding, and damage to surrounding structures. As with any treatment, the benefits and risks of IAC must be carefully weighed by a team of experienced doctors and discussed with the patient and their family.