Dural arteriovenous shunts (AVS) are a type of vascular malformation that occur in the dura mater, which is the outermost layer of the brain covering. This condition involves an abnormal connection between the arteries and veins in the dura mater, leading to the formation of a shunt that disrupts normal blood flow and can cause a range of symptoms.
The symptoms of dural AVS can vary depending on the location and severity of the shunt. Common symptoms include headache, pulsatile tinnitus (hearing a rhythmic sound in the ear that beats with the heart), vision problems, seizures, and neurological deficits such as weakness or numbness in the limbs.
The diagnosis of dural AVS typically involves imaging studies such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or computed tomography (CT) scans. Then, for planning treatment Digital Subtraction Angiography is done.
Treatment of dural AVS is done by endovascular embolization using liquid embolic material with or without coils to block the abnormal blood vessels and restore normal blood flow.
The prognosis for dural AVS depends on the severity of the condition and the underlying cause. With prompt diagnosis and treatment, many patients with dural AVS are able to recover fully.
Overall, dural AVS is a serious medical condition that requires prompt diagnosis and treatment to prevent long-term complications and improve the patient’s quality of life.